The world as we know it was radically changed on November 3, 1903, when the Republic of Panama declared its independence from Colombia, a significant event that subsequently led to the creation of the Panama Canal. This strategic waterway significantly shortened global trade routes, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and transforming the dynamics of international trade.

Background

Panama, at that time, was a region of Colombia. Its geographic location presented a unique opportunity for creating a shorter and more economically efficient route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Despite the potential, Colombia had been reluctant to sign a treaty with the United States, which was interested in canal construction.

In the face of this obstacle, a group of Panamanians, backed by the U.S, declared independence from Colombia on November 3, 1903. Recognized almost immediately by the United States, the new Republic of Panama granted the U.S the rights to the Canal Zone.

The Birth of the Panama Canal

The U.S started constructing the canal on May 4, 1904, and it was officially opened on August 15, 1914, significantly reshaping world navigation and trade routes. This transformative project was an engineering marvel of its time and had a profound economic and political impact that echoed around the world.

Interesting Facts for Kids

1. The Panama Canal is about 50 miles long and it takes a ship approximately 8 to 10 hours to pass through it.

2. Approximately 14,000 ships pass through the canal each year – that’s about 40 ships a day!

3. The locks of the Panama Canal, which raise and lower the ships as they pass through, are each 110 feet wide and 1,000 feet long. That’s longer than three soccer fields placed end to end!

Educational Activities for Kids

1. Encourage them to explore an interactive map of the Panama Canal, understanding how it connects the two oceans, and trace how much shorter shipping paths become because of it compared to the route around the southern tip of South America.

2. Creativity Exercise: Ask them to imagine they are architects and engineers responsible for designing a new canal. What unique features would they include?

3. History Project: Encourage them to research and create a timeline on the construction of the Panama Canal, indicating the key events leading up to its inception and completion.

Conclusion

The Independence of Panama from Colombia was a pivotal event that drastically transformed global maritime trade. The creation of the Panama Canal was a feat of engineering and a significant exemplification of the profound changes that can occur in the world based on political decisions and territorial independence. Remembering November 3, 1903, is not just about acknowledging Panama’s independence, but about recognizing the start of an event with global ripple effects that still persist today.

References

1. Parker, M. (2014). Panama Fever: The Epic Story of the Building of the Panama Canal. London: Vintage
2. Major, J. (1993). Prize Possession: The United States and the Panama Canal, 1903-1979. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3. McCullough, D. G. (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914. New York: Simon and Schuster.