On the morning of November 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln stood on a battlefield in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and delivered one of the most influential speeches in American history. The Gettysburg Address, as it is now known, is a shining symbol of Lincoln’s commitment to the principles of human equality and democracy—the very principles that molded the United States into the nation it is today.

Background

The Battle of Gettysburg, fought in July 1863, was one of the deadliest encounters of the American Civil War. An estimated total of 7,000 men lost their lives, and another 33,000 were wounded. In commemoration of this battle, the Soldiers’ National Cemetery was established, where the deceased soldiers were laid to rest.

The Speech

The occasion called for Edward Everett, a renowned orator, to deliver the primary memorial speech. President Lincoln—a last-minute inclusion to the programme—was given just a few minutes for his “dedicatory remarks”.

In just over two minutes and using just 272 words, Lincoln’s succinct speech reiterated the principles of human equality expressed in the American Declaration of Independence, emphasizing the civil war as a struggle to preserve a nation where “all men are created equal”. Lincoln concluded the speech by declaring that “government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”.

Impact

Initially, Lincoln’s speech was unpopular and even criticised, but with time, it became one of the most celebrated pieces of American rhetoric. It has been analysed, quoted and revered by scholars and presidents alike, defining the nation’s democratic sanctum and solidifying the real purpose of the American Civil War.

Interesting Facts for Curious Minds

1. The Gettysburg Address is so short it takes only two minutes to read out loud!

2. The exact words of the speech are inscribed on the walls of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.

3. Despite its importance, not everyone loved the speech when Lincoln first read it – some people thought it was too short!

Educational Activities For Kids

1. Memorise the Gettysburg Address: It’s short, and it’s an excellent way to learn a key part of American history.

2. Explore an interactive map of the Battle of Gettysburg: You can find these online and explore the key parts of the battle.

3. Write your speech: Imagine you are a president and write your speech about a cause you care deeply for.

Conclusion

The Gettysburg Address, delivered on November 19, 1863, was not merely a commemoration of the fallen soldiers of the Battle of Gettysburg, but proves to be a reaffirmation of the tenets of democracy and equality. Even after 158 years, the message Lincoln delivered that day continues to resonate—a testament to the timeless values embedded in the fabric of America.

References

1. “American Civil War”, History.com Editors, History.com, October 29, 2009.

2. “Gettysburg Address”, History.com Editors, History.com, January 28, 2010.

3. “Remembering Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address”, B. Fried, Time, November 19, 2008.